Cell (Cel)- Short for Celluloid
a combination of cellulose nitrate and camphor but was replaced by acetate in the second half of the 20th century. Works in layers stacked on top of each other. Benefits was that it reduced the workload as you didn't have to redraw the background.
Pencilling
Keyframes
In-betweens
Inking
Colouring
Key drawings handed over to in-between with dope sheet and timing chart and fill in missing frames.
The timing/spacing chart tells inbetweeners where to draw. Typical timings will be 1/2 or 1/3. Multiple charts given for various parts of animation.
Inking artists take completed drawings and trace out final structural drawing.
Colouring artists take inked cells and paint with the appropriate colours to give desired look.
Background plates created using water colours, they are normally static plates.
Disney's CAPS (Computer animation production software) was developed with Pixar in the late 80's and was first used as a digital ink and paint system to replace the expensive and time costly hand painted cell system. The rescuers down under was the first film to use CAPS.
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